What did God mean by "die" in verse 17? Did Adam die in the day he ate of the tree? Meanwhile, God promised this quite emphatically: "thou shalt surely die" (v. 17).
Of course, Adam didn’t die in the day he ate of the tree for he died when he was 930 years. However, first of all, he died spiritually at the moment when he committed a sin. The Holy Spirit left him and his soul turned into a corpse. The same case we can read in the Gospel – when the prodigal son returned, his father told that this son was dead and revived. This is the spiritual death.
And secondly, his body became mortal. From this crucial moment of the Fall Adam’s nature transformed, became corruptible and now nobody can live forever physically.