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Unit 89 English: a global language
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Unit 89 English: a global language - Форум
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Unit 89 English: a global language
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| readeralexey | Дата: Среда, 14.02.2024, 23:47 | Сообщение # 1 |
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| Think of words that have come from Russian into English. Try to find words from these topic areas, which are particularly rich in loanwords in English:
• food and drink;
• animals, flowers and landscape features;
• industrial products and inventions;
• clothing and the home;
• politics and society;
• the arts, sports and leisure activities.
Make a list of false friends for English and Russian which you find most commonly used / funny / misleading (e.g. complexion - "комплекция", chef - "шеф" etc.) Find out their etymology and their meaning in the language of origin. Unless there is a proven record, speculate as to why particular semantic shifts might have taken place.
Do the above task for English and one more language you know. (Russian may also join the company, as with "sympathetic - sympathique - симпатичный".)
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| yarovaya02 | Дата: Понедельник, 19.02.2024, 18:28 | Сообщение # 2 |
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| Composer- композитор;
Compositor-наборщик;
Genial-добрый, радушный;
Biscuit- Печенье
It is interesting that the word "biscuit" is borrowed from French in general, where it also means "cookies". But in Russian, the term for hard cookies already existed, so they began to call air pastries, which was very popular in the XVIII century.
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| amasaltseva | Дата: Понедельник, 19.02.2024, 23:01 | Сообщение # 3 |
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| anecdote — рассказ о конкретном событии
cabin — каюта, хижина, лачуга
plaster — медицинский гипс
zephyr — западный ветер
anecdote - from French anecdote (17c.) or directly from Medieval Latin anecdota, from Greek anekdota "things unpublished," Anecdota, unpublished memoirs of Emperor Justinian full of court gossip, gave the word a sense of "revelation of secrets"
zephyr - from Greek Zephyros "the west wind" (sometimes personified as a god), probably related to zophos "the west, the dark region, darkness, gloom"
plaster - from Latin emplastrum "a plaster" (in the medical as well as the building sense)
cabin - from Old French cabane "hut, cottage, small house"
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Сообщение отредактировал amasaltseva - Понедельник, 19.02.2024, 23:07 |
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| tsvioletta17 | Дата: Вторник, 20.02.2024, 02:45 | Сообщение # 4 |
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| Datcha — «дача»
Intelligentsia — «интеллигенция»
Babushka — «головной убор»
Kvass — «квас»
Mammoth — «мамонт»
Borscht — «борщ»
Vodka — «водка»
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Сообщение отредактировал tsvioletta17 - Вторник, 20.02.2024, 16:23 |
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| ulyana_kazakova | Дата: Вторник, 20.02.2024, 09:18 | Сообщение # 5 |
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| borrowings from Russian:
1 Совет – англ. soviet
2 Самовар – англ. samovar
3 Копейка – англ. copeck
4 Соболь – англ. sable
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false friends:
1 insult – оскорблять (от лат. insultus «наскок, нападение, удар»), не инсульт (stroke)
2 resin – смола (от греч. ῥητίνη ritíni «древесная смола», не резина (rubber)
3 sever – разрывать/отделять (от фр. sevrer «отучать, отвыкать»), не север
4 velvet - бархат (от ст.-франц. veluotte), не вельвет (corduroy)
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Сообщение отредактировал ulyana_kazakova - Вторник, 20.02.2024, 09:21 |
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| sasavasl15 | Дата: Вторник, 20.02.2024, 16:27 | Сообщение # 6 |
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| Food and drink:
Borscht - борщ
Kvass (квас) - a fermented beverage made from rye bread
Pelmeni (пельмени) - dumplings filled with meat or vegetables
Piroshki (пирожки) - small filled pastries
Blini (блины) - thin pancakes
Animals, flowers, and landscape features:
Taiga (тайга) - a vast coniferous forest
Industrial products and inventions:
Kalashnikov (Калашников) - a type of assault rifle
Lada (Лада) - a brand of automobile
Tractor (трактор) - a vehicle used for pulling heavy loads
Sputnik (спутник) - an artificial satellite
Clothing and the home:
Izba (изба) - a traditional Russian wooden house
Samovar (самовар) - a metal urn used for boiling water for tea
Dacha (дача) - a country house or cottage
Politics and society:
Boyar (боярин) - a member of the Russian nobility
Cossack (казак) - a member of a semi-military community
Czar (царь) - the emperor of Russia
Gulag (ГУЛАГ) - a system of forced labor camps
KGB (КГБ) - the Soviet secret police
Nomenklatura (номенклатура) - the ruling elite of the Soviet Union
Politburo (Политбюро) - the ruling body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Soviet (совет) - a council or assembly
The arts, sports, and leisure activities:
Cosmonaut (космонавт) - a space traveler
EXTRA WORD
Balalaika (балалайка) - a three-stringed musical instrument
Matryoshka (матрешка) - a set of nesting dolls
Babushka (бабушка) - a headscarf worn by elderly women
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False Friends between English and Russian
Actual (фактический)- Актуальный (Relevant)
Realize (осознать) - Реализовать (implement)
Pretend (притворяться) - Претендовать (Claim)
Sanction (разрешение) - Санкция (Permission)
Complexion (English) and комплекция (Russian) both derive from the Latin word complexus.However, in English, complexion has come to mean "face color", while in Russian, комплекция means "physique".
Chef (English) and шеф (Russian) both derive from the French word chef, meaning "head". However, in English, chef has come to mean a professional cook, while in Russian, шеф means "boss".
Sympathetic (English) and симпатичный (Russian) both derive from the Greek word sympatheia, meaning "fellow feeling". However, in English, sympathetic has come to mean "understanding and compassionate", while in Russian, симпатичный means "attractive".
Intelligent (English) and интеллигентный (Russian) both derive from the Latin word intelligere, meaning "to understand". However, in English, intelligent has come to mean "having a high level of cognitive ability", while in Russian, интеллигентный means "educated".
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Сообщение отредактировал sasavasl15 - Вторник, 20.02.2024, 16:47 |
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| marichernaya911 | Дата: Вторник, 20.02.2024, 16:36 | Сообщение # 7 |
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| English borrowings from Russian- samovar, shchi (щи)
- balalaika, telega
- Taiga (тайга), steppes (степи)
- Kremlin, tsar, Cossack (казак), copeck (копейка)
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"false friends"
1. Accord = согласие
Aккорд = chord
2. Accurate = точный
Аккуратный = tidy
3. Actually = действительно
Актуально = relevant
4. Baton = палочка (дирижёрская, эстафетная)
Батон = loaf
5. Complexion = цвет лица
Комплекция = body type
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| ulyana_kazakova | Дата: Понедельник, 15.04.2024, 22:44 | Сообщение # 8 |
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| Your LEXICON doesn't match your appearance. I mean, how can a lady who wears gorgeous dresses and AMBER jewellery talk like that? You're a member of the INTELLIGENTSIA!
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| sensualpie111 | Дата: Вторник, 16.04.2024, 21:33 | Сообщение # 9 |
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| Food and Drink:
1. Borscht
2. Blini
3. Vodka
Animals, Flowers, and Landscape Features
1. Mammoth - a large extinct elephant-like mammal.
2. Taiga
3. Steppe (степь)
Industrial Products and Inventions:
1. Sputnik
2. Kalashnikov
3. Gazprom (Газпром)
Clothing and the Home:
1. Parka (парка) - a heavy jacket with a fur-lined hood.
2. Matryoshka
Politics and Society:
1. Glasnost (гласность) - a policy of openness and transparency introduced in the Soviet Union.
2. Perestroika
3. Bolshevik
The Arts, Sports, and Leisure Activities:
1. Troika - a Russian vehicle drawn by three horses
2. Balalaika
3. Samovar
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English - Russian false friends of translator:
English word - Russian false transition; right meaning
Abort - Аборт ; Прерывать, прекращать
Accord - Аккорд; Согласие
Angina - Ангина; Стенокардия
Data - Дата; Данные
Prospect - Проспект; Перспектива
Englisch Word - German False Friend; Correct translation
become ≠ bekommen (to get) = werden
chef ≠ Chef (boss) = Koch
eagle ≠ Igel (hedgehog) = Adler
gift ≠ Gift (poison) = Geschenk
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Para Julia
Сообщение отредактировал sensualpie111 - Вторник, 16.04.2024, 21:35 |
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